Consenso de Buenos Aires sobre alcohol y drogas en áreas relacionadas con el transporte de pasajeros / Consensus about alcohol and drugs in areas related to passenger transportation

Obligatoriedad de investigar el uso de alcohol y drogas en todo el personal de áreas vinculadas al transporte de pasajeros, sea cual fuere el medio de transporte. El resultado obligatorio requerido debe ser cero alcohol y test de drogas negativos. Luego de la existencia del consentimiento informado y explicitación de la política en la materia, el personal con una toma positiva de alcohol o drogas será retirado definitivamente de su función. (AU)

Mandatory requirement to investigate the use of alcohol and drugs in all personnel working in areas related to all passenger transportation. The mandatory required result should be "0" alcohol and negative drugs tests. After having confirmed consent of the given information as well as a proper explanation of the policy related to this matter, in case of drug or alcohol positive result, the personnel will be ceased in their function. (AU)

A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle crashes and their injuries among the general and working populations / Revisión sistemática de la efectividad de las intervenciones para reducir las colisiones de vehículos de motor y lesiones Asociados Resultantes en la población general y la población económicamente activa / Revisão sistemática da efetividade de intervenções para reduzir os acidentes de trânsito e ferimentos na população geral e na população ativa

ABSTRACT Objective To summarize the best available international scientific evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle collisions and their consequences among the working and general populations. Methods A broad and systematic review was conducted of the literature available in biomedical databases and grey literature. At least two investigators working in parallel performed data extraction, synthesis, and risk of bias analysis. Results Forty-one studies with low to moderate risk of bias were included. Of these, 18 had an ecological design (time series), 10 were quasi-experimental, one was a population survey, one was a randomized clinical trial, and 11 were systematic reviews. Conclusions The interventions that most consistently show a positive effect on incidence, morbidity, and mortality due to motor vehicle collisions are national policies or programs that: regulate, enforce, and penalize driving under the influence of alcohol; improve driving safety and driver conditions; improve road infrastructure with the purpose of preventing collisions; and educate and penalize drivers with a history of road violations.

RESUMEN Objetivo Resumir la mejor evidencia disponible a nivel internacional sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones para reducir el número de colisiones de vehículos de motor y sus consecuencias en la población general y la población económicamente activa. Métodos Revisión amplia y sistemática de la bibliografía contenida en las bases de datos biomédicas y la literatura gris. Al menos dos investigadores trabajando en paralelo realizaron la extracción de datos, la síntesis y el análisis del riesgo de sesgo. Resultados Se incluyeron 41 estudios con un riesgo de sesgo bajo o moderado. De ellos, 18 tenían un diseño ecológico (series de tiempo), 10 eran cuasiexperimentales, 1 era una encuesta poblacional, 1 era un ensayo clínico aleatorizado y 11 eran revisiones sistemáticas. Conclusiones Las intervenciones que muestran más sistemáticamente un efecto positivo sobre la incidencia, la morbilidad y la mortalidad por colisiones de vehículos de motor son las políticas o programas nacionales que reglamentan, hacen cumplir los reglamentos y sancionan a quienes conducen bajo los efectos del alcohol; mejoran la seguridad al conducir y con respecto a los conductores; mejoran la infraestructura vial a fin de prevenir las colisiones; y educan y sancionan a los conductores con antecedentes de infracciones de las leyes de tránsito.

RESUMO Objetivo Sintetizar as melhores evidências científicas internacionais disponíveis sobre a efetividade das intervenções para reduzir os acidentes de trânsito e suas consequências na população geral e na população ativa. Métodos Foi realizada uma ampla revisão sistemática da literatura em bases de dados biomédicas e da literatura cinzenta. A extração e a síntese dos dados e a análise de risco de viés foram conduzidas em paralelo por, pelo menos, dois pesquisadores. Resultados Foram selecionados para análise 41 estudos com risco de viés baixo a moderado. Destes, 18 possuíam design ecológico (série temporal), 10 eram estudos quase-experimentais, um estudo era um levantamento populacional, um era um estudo clínico randomizado e 11 eram revisões sistemáticas. Conclusões As intervenções que sistematicamente demonstraram um efeito positivo na incidência, morbidade e mortalidade de acidentes de trânsito são as políticas ou programas nacionais para regulamentar, cumprir as leis e aplicar sanções aos condutores que dirigem sob influência de álcool, melhorar a segurança e condições para condução de veículos, melhorar a infraestrutura viária visando evitar acidentes e educar e multar os condutores com histórico de infrações.

Teste do bafômetro: resultados e recusas de motoristas interceptados pela Operação Lei Seca no Rio de Janeiro / Breathalyzer test: results and refusals to take the test of drivers intercepted under the DUI Spot-Check Campaign in Rio de Janeiro

Resumo Estudo transversal que avaliou os resultados e as recusas ao teste do bafômetro entre motoristas interceptados pela Operação Lei Seca na capital do Rio de Janeiro e Baixada Fluminense. Realizado com base em dados cedidos pelo Governo do Estado que foram coletados durante atendimento de motoristas interceptados entre dezembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Procederam-se análises descritivas da amostra e de associação entre as variáveis sexo, faixa etária e local de abordagem com as recusas e os resultados do teste do bafômetro através de um modelo de regressão logística. Dos 4756 (100%) condutores interceptados, 59 (1,2%) apresentaram resultado positivo no teste do bafômetro e 229 (4,8%) recusaram-no. Apenas a variável local de abordagem apresentou significância estatística com maiores chances de resultados positivos (OR = 4,01) e recusas ao teste (OR = 5,14) entre os condutores interceptados na Baixada Fluminense. As ações sistemáticas de fiscalização efetuadas pela Operação Lei Seca que ocorrem há mais tempo na capital parecem influenciar positivamente o comportamento de beber e dirigir dos motoristas.

Abstract Abstract This paper involved a cross-sectional study that evaluated the results and refusals to take the breathalyzer test among drivers intercepted by the Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Spot-Check Campaign (Operação Lei Seca) in the capital of Rio de Janeiro and Baixada Fluminense. It was conducted using data provided by the State Government which were collected from drivers intercepted in the months of December 2013 and January 2014. Descriptive analysis was conducted of the sample and of the association between gender, age and location variables with the result of the breathalyzer test and refusal to take the test using a logistic regression model. Of the 4756 (100%) drivers intercepted, 59 (1.2%) failed the breathalyzer test and 229 (4.8%) refused to take it. Only the location of interception variable was statistically significant with greater chances of failing (OR = 4.01) and refusal to take the test (OR = 5.14) among drivers intercepted in the Baixada Fluminense. Systematic monitoring actions taken by the DUI Spot-Check Campaign that have occurred for longer in the capital appear to have a positive impact on the drinking and driving behavior of drivers.

Workplace Violence Experienced by Substitute (Daeri) Drivers and Its Relationship to Depression in Korea

Workplace violence is related to various health effects including mental illness such as anxiety or depression. In this study, the relationship between the experience of workplace violence and depression in substitute drivers in Korea, namely, daeri drivers, was investigated. To assess workplace violence, questions regarding types and frequency of the experience of violence over the past year were asked to the daeri drivers. In order to assess the risk of depression, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals of depression were estimated using multiple logistic regression analysis. All of the daeri drivers had experienced instance of verbal violence while driving and 66 of the drivers (34.1%) had been in such a situation more than once in the past quarter of a year. Sixty-eight daeri drivers (42.2%) had experienced certain type of physical violence over the past year. Compared to daeri drivers who had experienced workplace verbal violence less than 4 times and who had not experienced workplace physical violence over the past year, higher odds ratio was observed in daeri drivers who had experienced workplace verbal violence or physical violence, more than 4 times and more than one time respectively, after adjustment. Experience of verbal or physical type of workplace violence over the past year increased the risk of depression in the daeri drivers. Because violence against drivers can compromise the safety of the driver, the customer, and all the passengers, it is imperative that the safety and health of daeri drivers be highlighted.